Jenkins安装及使用教程

一、jenkins是什么？

​ Jenkins是一个开源的、提供友好操作界面的持续集成(CI)工具，起源于Hudson（Hudson是商用的），主要用于持续、自动的构建/测试软件项目、监控外部任务的运行（这个比较抽象，暂且写上，不做解释）。Jenkins用Java语言编写，可在Tomcat等流行的servlet容器中运行，也可独立运行。通常与版本管理工具(SCM)、构建工具结合使用。常用的版本控制工具有SVN、GIT，构建工具有Maven、Ant、Gradle。

二、jenkins安装

1.源码安装jenkins(推荐)

1) 安装java

https://blog.nevergiveup.tech/post/dev_language/java/java%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E5%92%8C%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE/

2) war安装

  • 下载 Jenkins.

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    mkdir -p /root/jenkins-data && cd /root/jenkins-data
wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/jenkins/war/latest/jenkins.war

  • 配置

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    vim /etc/profile
[添加内容]
export JENKINS_HOME=/root/jenkins-data
export JENKINS_LOGFILE=/root/jenkins-data/jenkins.log

source /etc/profile

  • 运行命令jenkins

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    java -Xms128m -Xmx256m -jar /root/jenkins-data/jenkins.war --httpPort=9090

nohup java -Xms128m -Xmx256m -jar /root/jenkins-data/jenkins.war --httpPort=9090 > /root/jenkins-data/jenkins.log 2>&1 &

  • 提供一个jenkins启动脚本,可以自行修改

    脚本保存至/root/jenkins.sh,使用方法:

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    vim /root/jenkins.sh #新建文件保存脚本内容
chmod 777 /root/jenkins.sh
sh jenkins.sh start|stop|restart

    脚本内容如下：

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    #!/bin/bash

# 在执行过程中若遇到使用了未定义的变量或命令返回值为非零，将直接报错退出
set -eu

# 检查参数个数
if [ "${#}" -lt 1 ]; then
	echo " 脚本使用示例: sh jenkins.sh start|stop|restart "
	exit
fi

# 获取脚本第一个参数
APP_OPT=${1}
# 端口
APP_PORT=9090
# 名称
APP_NAME=jenkins
# jar名 | war名
APP_JAR=${APP_NAME}.war
# 程序根目录
APP_JAR_HOME=/root/jenkins-data
# 日志名
APP_LOG_NAME=jenkins-run
# 日志根目录
APP_LOG_HOME=/root/jenkins-data
# 程序运行参数
JAVA_OPTS="--httpPort=${APP_PORT}"

echo "本次操作服务名：[${APP_NAME}]"
echo "本次操作选择：[${APP_OPT}]"

# 停止
function stop(){
  echo "<-------------------------------------->"
  echo "[${APP_NAME}] ... stop ..."
  # 查看该jar进程
  pid=`ps -ef | grep ${APP_NAME} | grep -v 'grep' | awk '{print $2}'`
  echo "[${APP_NAME}] pid="${pid}
  # 存在则kill,不存在打印一下吧
  if [ "${pid}" ]; then
    kill -9 ${pid}
    # 检查kill是否成功
    if [ "$?" -eq 0 ]; then
        echo "[${APP_NAME}] stop success"
    else
        echo "[${APP_NAME}] stop fail"
    fi
  else
    echo "[${APP_NAME}] 进程不存在"
  fi
}


# 运行
function start(){
  echo "<-------------------------------------->"
  echo "[${APP_NAME}] ... start ..."
  cd ${APP_JAR_HOME}
  echo "当前路径:`pwd`"
  # 赋予可读可写可执行权限
  chmod 777 ${APP_JAR}
  echo "启动命令: nohup java -jar ${APP_JAR} ${JAVA_OPTS} >> ${APP_LOG_HOME}/${APP_LOG_NAME}.log 2>&1 &"
  nohup java -jar ${APP_JAR} ${JAVA_OPTS} >> ${APP_LOG_HOME}/${APP_LOG_NAME}.log 2>&1 &
  if [ "$?" -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "[${APP_NAME}] start success"
  else
    echo "[${APP_NAME}] start fail"
  fi
}


# 重启
function restart(){
  echo "<-------------------------------------->"
  echo "[${APP_NAME}] ... restart ..."
	stop
	start
}


# 多分支条件判断执行参数
case "${APP_OPT}" in
	"stop")
		stop
		;;
	"start")
		start
		;;
	"restart")
		restart
		;;
	*)
	echo " 提示:不支持参数 命令 -> ${APP_OPT}"
	;;
esac

3) rpm安装

  • 下载安装

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    cd /data/tools
wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/jenkins/redhat-stable/jenkins-2.332.1-1.1.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh jenkins-2.332.1-1.1.noarch.rpm

  • 默认配置文件位置

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    JENKINS_WAR="/usr/share/java/jenkins.war"
JENKINS_CONFIG="/etc/sysconfig/jenkins"
JENKINS_PID_FILE="/var/run/jenkins.pid"
JENKINS_LOCKFILE="/var/lock/subsys/jenkins"
JENKINS_DAEMON="/etc/init.d/jenkins"
JENKINS_LOGFILE="/var/log/jenkins/jenkins.log"   

[root@node1 /data]# rpm -ql jenkins
/etc/init.d/jenkins
/etc/logrotate.d/jenkins
/etc/sysconfig/jenkins
/usr/bin/jenkins
/usr/lib/systemd/system/jenkins.service
/usr/sbin/rcjenkins
/usr/share/java/jenkins.war
/usr/share/jenkins
/usr/share/jenkins/migrate
/var/cache/jenkins
/var/lib/jenkins
/var/log/jenkins

  • 配置修改

    修改jenkins本身配置

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    cp /etc/sysconfig/jenkins /etc/sysconfig/jenkins.bak
vim /etc/sysconfig/jenkins
[修改内容]
JENKINS_HOME="/root/jenkins-data" #设置工作目录
JENKINS_USER="root" #设置jenkins用户为root
JENKINS_PORT="9090" #设置访问端口为9090

    修改jenkins启动文件配置,修改java命令路径

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    [root@node1 /data/tools]# which java
/usr/local/java/bin/java

[root@node1 /data/tools]# vim /etc/init.d/jenkins
[root@node1 /data/tools]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins
[修改内容]
candidates="
/etc/alternatives/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.8.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-11.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/jre-11.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64
/usr/bin/java
/usr/local/java/bin/java   #新增行
"

systemctl daemon-reload 
service jenkins start

  • 设置开机启动

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    systemctl enable jenkins

  • 开启关闭jenkins服务

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    systemctl start/stop/restart jenkins

4) yum安装(推荐)

  • 下载安装

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    [root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.repo
[root@localhost ~]# rpm --import https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.io.key
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install jenkins

  • 默认配置文件位置

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    # WAR包 
/usr/lib/jenkins/jenkins.war    
# 配置文件, 修改用户为:root
/etc/sysconfig/jenkins      
# 默认的JENKINS_HOME目录
/var/lib/jenkins/       
# Jenkins日志文件
/var/log/jenkins/jenkins.log   

[root@node1 /data]# rpm -ql jenkins
/etc/init.d/jenkins
/etc/logrotate.d/jenkins
/etc/sysconfig/jenkins
/usr/bin/jenkins
/usr/lib/systemd/system/jenkins.service
/usr/sbin/rcjenkins
/usr/share/java/jenkins.war
/usr/share/jenkins
/usr/share/jenkins/migrate
/var/cache/jenkins
/var/lib/jenkins
/var/log/jenkins

  • 配置修改

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    cp /etc/sysconfig/jenkins /etc/sysconfig/jenkins.bak
vim /etc/sysconfig/jenkins
[修改内容]
JENKINS_HOME="/root/jenkins-data" #设置工作目录
JENKINS_USER="root" #设置jenkins用户为root
JENKINS_PORT="9090" #设置访问端口为9090

  • 启动并设置开机启动

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    service jenkins start
chkconfig jenkins on

2.docker安装jenkins

1) 拉取镜像

建议使用的Docker映像是jenkinsci/blueocean image(来自 the Docker Hub repository)。 该镜像包含当前的长期支持 (LTS) 的Jenkins版本 （可以投入使用） ，捆绑了所有Blue Ocean插件和功能。这意味着你不需要单独安装Blue Ocean插件。

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docker pull jenkinsci/blueocean

2) 运行容器

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docker run \
-u root \
-d \
-p 9090:8080 \
-p 50000:50000 \
--privileged=true -e TZ="Asia/Shanghai" \
-v /root/docker/jenkins-data:/var/jenkins_home \
-v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
--name jenkins-blueocean \
jenkinsci/blueocean

3) 容器操作

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#访问Jenkins / Blue Ocean Docker容器
docker exec -it jenkins-blueocean bash
#通过Docker日志访问Jenkins控制台日志
docker logs jenkins-blueocean

4) 容器内安装软件

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#进入容器
docker exec -it jenkins-blueocean bash
#安装软件

3.初始化jenkins

访问 http://{主机ip}:8080 进行Post-installation setup wizard安装

  • 修改jenkins的插件下载源

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    [root@node1 ~]# cd /root/docker/jenkins-data/updates/
[root@node1 ~/jenkins-data/updates]# ls
default.json  hudson.tasks.Maven.MavenInstaller
[root@node1 ~/jenkins-data/updates]# cp default.json default.json.bak
[root@node1 ~/jenkins-data/updates]# sudo sed -i 's#updates.jenkins.io/download/plugins#mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/jenkins/plugins#g' default.json && sudo sed -i 's#www.google.com#www.baidu.com#g' default.json
[root@node1 ~/jenkins-data/updates]#

  • 重启jenkins

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    systemctl restart jenkins
#docker 安装：
docker restart jenkins-blueocean

  • 解锁 Jenkins

    页面上显示的密码文件路径是容器内的,因为做了文件夹映射,替换为主机地址即可

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    [root@node1 ~]# cd /root/docker/jenkins-data
[root@node1 ~/jenkins-data]# cat secrets/initialAdminPassword
12889e7f0fa94aafbcc2f83081ec0475
[root@node1 ~/jenkins-data]#

  • 选择“Install suggested plugins”安装默认的插件

    等待系统安装插件完成

  • 下载完成之后会进入一个创建账号的界面，这里自己创建一个就行，后续登录就用这个账号。

三、jenkins配置

1.管理系统配置

进入管理Jenkins–>系统配置

2.流水线配置

  • 创建流水线job,配置名称

  • 设置流水线代码

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    pipeline {
    agent any
    stages {
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                sh 'cd /workspace/srv-gw-infinity/build'
                sh 'sh build.sh'
            }
        }
    }
    post {
        always {
            echo 'This will always run'
        }
        success {
            echo 'This will run only if successful'
        }
        failure {
            echo 'This will run only if failed'
        }
        unstable {
            echo 'This will run only if the run was marked as unstable'
        }
        changed {
            echo 'This will run only if the state of the Pipeline has changed'
            echo 'For example, if the Pipeline was previously failing but is now successful'
        }
    }
}

3.设置自定义风格工程配置

  • 设置git

  • 设置构建ssh

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    #局部变量(执行文件名称)
project_name="infi-srv-gw"
#1.杀掉之前正在运行的程序
go_id=`ps -ef|grep "./${project_name}" |grep -v "grep" | awk '{print $2}'`
if [ -z "$go_id" ];
then
    echo "[go pid not found]"
else
	#杀掉进程
    kill -9 $go_id
    echo "killed $go_id"
fi
#2.清除旧的编译文件
echo "clean old file"
rm -rf ${WORKSPACE}/build/bin/${project_name}
rm -rf ${WORKSPACE}/build/bin/${project_name}.log
#3.进入工作目录,构建工作
cd  ${WORKSPACE}
pwd
go version
go mod tidy
cd build
sh build.sh
ls bin
#4.运行构建后的文件
cd  ${WORKSPACE}/build/bin
if [ -f "${project_name}" ]; then
    echo "strat new process"
    chmod 777 ${project_name}
    #这里要防止nohup不执行，添加了一个BUILD_ID
    BUILD_ID=DONTKILLME nohup ./${project_name} >${project_name}.log 2>&1 &
else
echo "executable file not found,quit"
fi